John R. Anderson
(¹Ì±¹ ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚ, 1947~ )
John R. Anderson : R. K. Mellon University Professor of Psychology and Computer Science : ACT-R
°ü½ÉºÐ¾ß´Â Cognitive Psychology ¿Í AI ÀÇ ´ÙÀ½ ¿µ¿ªÀÌ´Ù :
ÁöÀºÀÌ ¾Ø´õ½¼Àº ½ºÅÄÆÛµå ´ëÇб³¿¡¼ ÀÎÁö½É¸®ÇÐÀ¸·Î ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ¹Ú»ç °úÁ¤ Áß Áöµµ ±³¼ö¿´´ø G.H.Bower ¿Í ÇÔ²² 'Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕ±â¾ï (Human associative memory, 1973)' À» Àú¼úÇÏ¿´°í, 1976 ³â¿¡´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÎÁö°¡ ¼¼úÁö½Ä (declarative knowledge) °ú ÀýÂ÷Áö½Ä (procedural knowledge) ÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÔÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÑ ´Éµ¿Àû »ç°íÁ¦¾î·Ð (active control of thought : ACT) ÀÌ Á¦¾ÈµÈ '¾ð¾î, ±â¾ï ¹× »ç°í (Language, memory and thought)' ¸¦ ÁýÇÊÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ´õ¿í ¹ßÀü½ÃÄÑ 1983 ³â¿¡ 'ÀÎÁöÀÇ ±â±¸ (The architecture of cognition)' À» Ãâ°£ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ÀÌ Ã¥¿¡¼´Â »ó¡Àû »ç°í°¡ ½Å°æ ¼öÁØÀÇ È°¼ºÈ¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ Á¦¾ÈµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ Àú¼Áß ÇöÀç °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ÀοëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í 1990 ³â Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÎÁö°¡ ȯ°æ¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â »ç°ÇµéÀÇ Åë°èÀû ±¸Á¶¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀûÀÀÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¹àÈù 'ÀûÀÀÀû »ç°í¼º°Ý (The adaptive character of thought)' ¸¦, 1993 ³â¿¡´Â ÀýÂ÷ ÇнÀ¿¡ °üÇÑ »õ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¹ßÀü½Ã۸é¼, »ó¡Àû Ȱ¼ºÈ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÕ¸®Àû ºÐ¼®À» ¼Ò°³ÇÑ '¸¶À½ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢ (Rules of mind)' À» Ãâ°£ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1994 ³â¿¡ ¾Ø´õ½¼Àº Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÎÁö¸¦ ÀÌó·³ ½ÉµµÀÖ°Ô ±Ô¸íÇÑ °ø·Î·Î ¹Ì±¹½É¸®ÇÐȸ¿¡¼ ¸Å³â °¡Àå âÀÇÀûÀ̰í Ź¿ùÇÑ ÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô ¼ö¿©ÇÏ´Â ¾÷Àû»óÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀûÀÀÀû »ç°íÁ¦¾î·ÐÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡ °üÇØ °¡Àå Æ÷°ýÀûÀ̰í ÅëÇÕÀûÀÎ ÀÌ·ÐÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ°í Àִµ¥, ±×´Â ÀÌ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ´õ¿í ¹ßÀü½ÃŰ´Â ÇÑÆí, Çб³ ¼ö¾÷ »óȲ¿¡¼ ±³¼ö¹ýÀÇ °³¹ß¿¡µµ À̸¦ Àû¿ë½Ã۰í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç Carnegie Mellon ´ëÇб³ ¼®Á±³¼ö·Î¼ ÀÎÁö°úÇÐÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ Ã¥ 'ÀÎÁö½É¸®Çаú ±× ÀÀ¿ë' Àº Á¸ ¾Ø´õ½¼ÀÌ 1980 ³â¿¡ ±× ùÆÇÀ» ¹ß°£ÇÑ ÀÌ·¡ 4ÆÇÀ» °ÅµìÇÏ¸é¼ Áö°¢, ÁÖÀÇ, ±â¾ï, ¹®Á¦Çذá, ¾ð¾îÀÌÇØ, Àü¹®¼ºÀÇ ¹ß´Þ, °³ÀÎÂ÷¿Í ÀÎÁö µîÀ¸·Î ±× ³»¿ëÀ» Æ÷°ýÀûÀ̸缵µ ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÎÁö½É¸®ÇÐÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀÎ Ãø¸é°ú ÀÀ¿ëÀûÀÎ Ãø¸éÀÌ Àß ÅëÇյǾî ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ÀÎÁö½É¸®ÇÐÀÇ ´ë°¡ÀÎ M.I.Posner ÀÇ °ÝÂùÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ........... (ÀÎÁö ½É¸®Çаú ±× ÀÀ¿ë : John Robert Anderson Àú¼, ÀÌ¿µ¾Ö ¿Å±è, ÀÌÈ¿©ÀÚ´ëÇб³ÃâÆÇºÎ, 2000 (¿ø¼ : Cognitive Psychology and Its Implication (4th ed), 1995, page 527)
term :
ÀÎÁö ½É¸®ÇÐ (Cognitive Psychology) ÀÎÁö°úÇÐ (Cognitive Science) ÀÎÁö (Cognition) ACT
paper :
±â¾ï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ACTÀÌ·Ð : Philip N. Johnson-Laird
site :
video :
John R. Anderson : Heineken Prize for Cognitive Sclence 2006 : 2011/08/05