AI - Bibliography   :  S

Earl Sacerdoti  

Planning in a Hierarchy of Abstraction Spaces : Artificial Intelligence, 5(2):115-135, 1974. (Reprinted in Allen, J., Hendler, J., & Tate, A. (eds.), Readings in Planning, pp.98-108, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1990.)
The Non-linear Nature of Plans : in Proceedings of the Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-75), pp.206-214, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1975. (Reprinted in Allen, J., Hendler, J., & Tate, A. (eds.), Readings in Planning, pp.162-170, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1990.)
A Structure for Plans and Behavior : New York: American Elsevier, 1977.
QLISP-a language for the interactive development of complex systems : In Proceedings of the AFIPS National Computer Conference, 1976

J. S. Sachs

• Recognition memory for syntactic and semantic aspects of connected discourse. Perception and Psychophysics, 1967

Elisha Sacks

• Automated modeling and kinematic simulation of mechanisms. Computer Aided Design, 1993

M. D. Sadek

• Effective Human-Computer Cooperative Spoken Dialogue: The AGS Demonstrator, in Proc. ICSLP'96 International Conf. on Spoken Language Processing, nl pp.546-549, Philadelphia, PA, October 3-6, 1996

Naomi Sager : bibliography

• Natural Language Information Processing: A Computer Grammar of English and Its Applications. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts. 1981

Gerald Salton

• Automatic Text Processing. Addison-Wesley. 1989

Claude Sammut

• Learning to fly. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Machine Learning, Aberdeen. Morgan Kaufmann. 1992

Arthur Samuel  

Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers, IBM Jour. R & D, 3:211-229, 1959. (Reprinted in Feigenbaum, E., & Feldman, J. (eds.), Computers and Thought, pp.71-105, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.)
Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers II- Recent Progress, IBM Jour. R & D, 11(6), 601-617, 1967.

Christer Samuelsson

• Quantitative evaluation of explanation-based learning as an optimization tool for a large-scale natural language system. In Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-91), pages 609-615, Sydney. Morgan Kaufmann. 1991

Vijai A. Saraswat

• Concurrent constraint programming. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1993

Leonard Jimmie Savage

• The Foundations of Statistics. Wiley, New York. 1954

K. Sayre

• Three more flaws in the computational model. Paper presented at the APA (Central Division) Annual Conference, Chicago, Illinois. 1993

Yves Schabes

• Parsing strategies with `lexicalized' grammars: application to tree adjoining grammars. In Vargha, D., editor, COLING BUDAPEST. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, volume 2, pages 578-583, Budapest, Hungary. John von Neumann Soc. Comput. Sci. 1988
• Finite-State Language Processing, 1997, MIT Press, Cambridge MA

Jonathan Schaeffer

• A World Championship Caliber Checkers Program, Artificial Intelligence, 53(2-3):273-289, 1992.
• Solving the Game of Checkers, in Nowakowski, R. J. (ed.), Games of No Chance, pp.119-133, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
• One Jump Ahead: Challenging Human Supremacy in Checkers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1997.

Robert J. Schalkoff  

• Artificial Intelligence: An Engineering Approach. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1990

Roger Schank

• Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding. Lawrence Erlbaum. 1977
• Inside Computer Understanding: Five Programs Plus Miniatures. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Potomac, Maryland. 1981
• 역동적 기억 (Dynamic Memory Revisited) : Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999

Richard Scherl : publications

• The Frame Problem and Knowledge Producing Actions, in Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93), pp.689-695, Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 1993

James G. Schmolze : research

• Classification in the KL-ONE representation system. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-83), Karlsruhe, Germany. Morgan Kaufmann. 1983

P. D. A. Schofield

• Complete solution of the eight puzzle. In Dale, E. & Michie, D., editors, Machine Intelligence 2, pages 125-133. Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, London, New York. 1967

M. Schönfinkel

• Über die Bausteine der mathematischen Logik. Mathematische Annalen, 92:305-316. Translated into English and republished as ``On the building blocks of mathematical logic'' in VanHeijenoort, 1924 

Marcel Schoppers : studies

• Universal Plans for Reactive Robots in Unpredictable~Domains, in Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-87), pp.1039-1046, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1987
• In defense of reaction plans as caches. AI Magazine, 1989

Nicol N. Schraudolph : publications

• Temporal Difference Position Evaluation in the Game of GO, in Cowan, J., et al (eds.), Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 6, pp.817-824, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1994

E. Schröder

• Der Operationskreis des Logikkalküls. B. G. Teubner, Leipzig. 1877

Lenhart Schubert : selected publications

• Monotonic Solution of the Frame Problem in the Situation Calculus: An Efficient Method for Worlds with Fully Specified Actions, in Kyberg, H., Loui, R., & Carlson, G. (eds.), {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, pp.23-67, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990
• Some KR&R requirements for self-awareness, 2005 AAAI Spring Symposium on Metacognition in Computation, Stanford University, March 21-23, 2005.

Wolfram Schultz

• A Neural Substrate for Prediction and Reward, Science, 275:1593-1599, March 14, 1997

J. Schwartz

• The Limits of Artificial Intelligence, in the Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, New York: Hohn Wiley & Sons, 1987.

U. M. Schwuttke

• Artificial intelligence for real-time monitoring and control. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, volume 1, pages 290-294, Xian, China. 1992

Michael Scriven

• The mechanical concept of mind. Mind, 1953

John R. Searle  

• Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language : Cambridge University Press, 1969.
• Minds, Brains, and Programs : The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3:417-457, 1980 (with open peer commentary). (Reprinted in Hofstadter, D. R., & Dennett, D. C. (eds.), The Mind's I : Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul, pp.351-373, New York: Basic Books, 1981.)
• Minds, Brains and Science :  Harvard University Press. 1984
• The Rediscovery of the Mind :  MIT Press, 1992
• 정신 언어 사회 (Mind, Language and Society, Philosophy in the Real World) : Basic Books, 1998

Terrence Sejnowski

• Parallel Networks That Learn to Pronounce English Text : Complex Systems 1:145-168, 1987

Oliver G. Selfridge

• Pandemonium : A paradigm for learning. In Blake, D. V. & Uttley, A. M., editors, Proceedings of the Symposium on Mechanization of Thought Processes, pages 511-529, Teddington, United Kingdom. National Physical Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1959
• Pattern recognition by machine. Scientific American, 203:60-68. Reprinted in Feigenbaum & Feldman, 1963

Peter Sells : papers

• Lectures on Contemporary Syntactic Theories: An Introduction to Government-Binding Theory, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, and Lexical-Functional Grammar. Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford, California. 1985
• Contrastive Verb Constructions in Korean. 2003. [Sae-Youn Cho, Jong-Bok Kim and Peter Sells]. Proceedings of the 10th Harvard International Symposium on Korean Linguistics, Harvard University.
• Negative Imperatives in Korean. 2003. Proceedings of the 10th Harvard International Symposium on Korean Linguistics, Harvard University.
• Mixed Categories and Multiple Inheritance Hierarchies in English and Korean Gerundive Phrases.  [Chan Chung, Jong-Bok Kim, Byung-Soo Park and Peter Sells].   2001.  Language Research (Journal of the Linguistic Society of Korea) 37. (postscript file)
• Three Aspects of Negation in Korean.  2001.  Journal of Linguistic Studies (Linguistic Society of Cheju), 6, 1-15.

Bart Selman

• Knowledge Compilation Using Horn Approximations : in Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-91), pp.904-909, Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 1991
• An Empirical Study of Greedy Local Search for Satisfiability Testing : in Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93), pp.46-51, Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 1993.
• Noise Strategies for Improving Local Search : in Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94), pp.337-343, Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 1994.
• Local Search Strategies for Satisfiability Testing : in Du, D., Gu, J., & Pardalos, P. (eds.), Satisfiability Problem: Theory and Applications, Vol.35, Dimacs Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science}, Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 1996.
• Abductive and Default Reasoning: A Computational Core : in Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90), pp.343-348, Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 1990.
• A New Method for Solving Hard Satisfiability Problems : in Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-92), pp.440-446, Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 1992.
• The complexity of path-based defeasible inheritance : Artificial Intelligence, 62(2):303-339. 1993

Ross D. Shachter : publications

• Evaluating influence diagrams. Operations Research, 1986
• Symbolic probabilistic inference in belief networks. In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90), pages 126-131, Boston, Massachusetts. MIT Press. 1990
• Simulation approaches to general probabilistic inference on belief networks. In Proceedings UAI-89. 1989
• Gaussian Influence Diagrams, Management Science, 35:527-550, 1989
• Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Causal Reasoning (with Heckerman, D), Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 3, 405-430. 1995

Glenn Shafer  

• A Mathematical Theory of Evidence, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976.
• Readings in Uncertain Reasoning, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1990.

Murray Shanahan : publications

• Solving the Frame Problem: A Mathematical Investigation of the Commonsense Law of Inertia, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997

Natarajan Shankar

• Proof-checking metamathematics. PhD thesis, Computer Science Department, University of Texas at Austin. 1986

Claude Shannon

• The Mathematica1 Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. 1949
• Programming a Computer for Playing Chess, Philosophical Magazine (Series 7), vol.41, pp.256-275, 1950.
• Automata Studies, Annals of Mathematical Studies, 34, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1956.

Ehud Y. Shapiro : publications

• An algorithm that infers theories from facts. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-81), Vancouver, British Columbia. Morgan Kaufmann. 1981
• A subset of Concurrent Prolog and its interpreter. ICOT Technical Report TR-003, Institute for New Generation Computing Technology, 1983
• The Art of Prolog: Advanced Programming Techniques, Sterling, L. and Shapiro, E, MIT Press, 1986

Stuart C.Shapiro  

• The SNePS semantic network processing system. In Findler, N. V., editor, Associative Networks: Representation and Use of Knowledge by Computers, pages 179-203. Academic Press, New York. 1979
• Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence. Wiley, New York, second edition. Two volumes. 1992

Mike Sharples : publications

• Computers and Thought: A Practical Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1989
•   How We Write: An Account of Writing as Creative Design. Routledge, 1999

Jude Shavlik : publications

• Readings in Machine Learning, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1990.

Wei-Min Shen : publications

• Autonomous Learning from the Environment, San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1994.

Prakash P. Shenoy : publications

• A valuation-based language for expert systems. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 1989
• Using Possibility Theory in Expert Systems, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 52, No. 2, 1992

Stuart M. Shieber

• An Introduction to Unification-Based Approaches to Grammar. Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford, California. 1986

Yoshiaki Shirai

• Three-Dimensional Computer Vision, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

Kiyoshi Shirayanagi

• Knowledge representation and its refinement in go programs. In Marsland, A. T. & Schaeffer, J., editors, Computers, Chess, and Cognition, pages 287-300. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1990

Yoav Shoham : publications

• Temporal Logics in AI: Semantical and Ontological Considerations, Artificial Intelligence, 33(1):89-104, 1987.
• Reasoning about Change : Time and Causation from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988.
• Problems in formal temporal reasoning. Artificial Intelligence, 36(1):49-61. 1988
• Agent-Oriented Programming, Artificial Intelligence, 60:51-92, 1993.
• AI Programming in PROLOG, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1994.
• The Open Scientific borders of AI, and the Case of Economics, ACM Computing Surveys, 28(4):11ff, December 1996.

Edward Shortliffe

• Computer-Based Medical Consultations:  MYCIN, New York: Elsevier, 1976
• Rule-Based Expert Systems: The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project : with Bruce Buchanan, Addison-Wesley, 1984

Howard E. Shrobe : publications

• Exploring Artificial Intelligence: Survey Talks from the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1988
• Self-Adaptive Software, Springer-Verlag, 2001, Robertson, Laddaga, Shrobe, eds.

Michael Shwe

• An empirical analysis of likelihood-weighting simulation on a large, multiply connected medical belief network. Computers and Biomedical Research, 1991

Jörg Siekmann

• Automation of Reasoning. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Two volumes. 1983

Jilt Sietsma

• Neural net pruning-why and how. In IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, pages 325-333, San Diego. IEEE. 1988

Laurent Siklóssy

• An efficient robot planner which generates its own procedures. In Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-73), pages 423-430, Stanford, California. IJCAII. 1973

Reid Simmons : bibliography

• Progress towards robotic exploration of extreme terrain. Applied Intelligence: The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks, and Complex Problem-Solving Technologies, 1992
• GRACE: An Autonomous Robot for the AAAI Robot Challenge. AAAI Magazine, 24:2, pp. 51-72, Summer 2003.

Herbert A. Simon  

• Rational choice and the structure of the environment. In Models of Bounded Rationality, volume 2. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1985
• Experiments with a heuristic compiler. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, 1963
• 인공과학 (The Sciences of the Artificial) : MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, second edition. 1981
• Heuristic problem solving: The next advance in operations research. Operations Research, 6:1-10. Based on a talk given in 1957.
• Computer simulation of human thinking and problem solving. Datamation, 1961

Jeffrey M. Siskind : papers

• Lexical acquisition in the presence of noise and homonymy. In Proceedings of AAAI-94. 1994

Burrhus Frederic Skinner  

• Science and human behavior. Macmillan, London. 1953

Albert Thoralf Skolem  

• Logisch-kombinatorische Untersuchungen über die rfüllbarkeit oder Beweisbarkeit mathematischer Sätze nebst einem Theoreme über die dichte Mengen. Videnskapsselskapets skrifter, I. Matematisk-naturvidenskabelig klasse, 4. 1920
• Über die mathematische Logik. Norsk matematisk tidsskrift, 1928

James R. Slagle

• A Heuristic Program That Solves Symbolic Integration Problems in Freshman Calculus, Jour. Assoc. of Comp. Mach., 10:507-520, 1963. (Also in Feigenbaum, E., & Feldman, J. (eds.), Computers and Thought, pp.191-203, New York: Mcgraw-Hill, 1963.)
• Game trees, m & n minimaxing, and the m & n alpha-beta procedure. Artificial Intelligence Group Report 3, University of California, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore, California. 1963
• Artificial Intelligence: The Heuristic Programming Approach. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1971
• Experiments with Some Programs that Search Game Trees, Jour. Assoc. Comp. Mach., 1969.

David J. Slate

• CHESS 4.5-The Northwestern University chess program. In Frey, P. W., editor, Chess Skill in Man and Machine, pages 82-118. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1977

E. Slater

• Statistics for the chess computer and the factor of mobility. In Symposium on Information Theory, pages 150-152, London. Ministry of Supply. 1950

Aaron Sloman

• The Computer Revolution in Philosophy. Harvester Press, Hassocks, Sussex. 1978
• POPLOG, a multi-purpose multi-language program development environment. In Artificial Intelligence - Industrial and Commercial Applications. First International Conference, pages 45-63, London. Queensdale. 1985

R. D. Smallwood

• The optimal control of partially observable Markov processes over a finite horizon. Operations Research, 1973

David E. Smith

• Controlling Backward Inference, Artificial Intelligence, 1989
• Controlling Recursive Inference, Artificial Intelligence, 30(3):343-389, 1986

Douglas R. Smith  

• KIDS: a semiautomatic program development system. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 1990

Stephen Soderland

• Evaluating Nonlinear Planning, Technical Report TR-91-02-03, University of Washington Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seattle, WA, 1991

R. J. Solomonoff

• A formal theory of inductive inference. Information and Control, 1964

Edward J. Sondik

• The optimal control of partially observable Markov decision processes. PhD thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, California. 1971

John Sowa  

• Principles of Semantic Networks, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991

David J. Spiegelhalter : recent publications

• Bayesian analysis in expert systems. Statistical Science, 1993
• Probabilistic reasoning in predictive expert systems. In Kanal, L. N. & Lemmer, J. F., editors, Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pages 47-67. Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, London, New York. 1986
• A statistical view of uncertainty in expert systems, 1986

Peter Spirtes : recent publications

• Causation, prediction, and search. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1993
• Learning Bayesian Networks with Discrete Variables from Data, in Proceedings of First International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1995
• An Introduction to Causal Inference, in Causality in Crisis, ed. by Steven Turner and Vaughan McKim, University of Notre Dame Press.

Mandayam Srivas

• Formal verification of a pipelined microprocessor. IEEE Software, 1990

Richard Stallman

• "Forward Reasoning and Dependency-Directed Backtracking in a System for Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis," Artificial Intelligence, 9(2):135-196, 1977

Craig Stanfill   

• Toward Memory-Based Reasoning, Communications of the ACM, 1986

Richard Stearns

• Repeated Games with Incomplete Information :   with Aumann, Robert J. and Maschler, Michael B. MIT Press, 1995
• On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms : Hartmanis, J. and Stearns, R.E., 1965

Guy Steele JR

• Common LISP: The Language. Digital Press, Bedford, Massachusetts, second edition. 1990

Mark J. Stefik

• Planning and meta-planning. Artificial Intelligence, 1981
• Planning with constraints. Artificial Intelligence, 1981
• Introduction to Knowledge Systems, San Francisco Morgan Kaufmann, 1995

D. Steinberg

• Semantics. Cambridge University Press. 1971

Anthony Stentz : publications

• The Focussed D^* Algorithm for Real-Time Replanning, in Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95), pp.1652-1659, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1995
• A Complete Navigation System for GoalAcquisition in Unknown Environments, {Autonomous Robots}, 2(2):127-147, 1995

Leon Sterling

• The Art of PROLOG, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986

Kent A. Stevens : publications

• The information content of texture gradients. Biological Cybernetics, 1981
• Surface perception from local analysis of texture and contour, Ph.D Thesis, MIT, 1979, Supervisor : David C. Marr

Mark Stickel  

• "Automated Deduction by Theory Resolution," {Journal of Automated Reasoning}, 1(4):333-355, 1985
• "A PROLOG Technology Theorem Prover: Implementation by an Extended PROLOG Compiler," Journal of Automated Reasoning, 4:353-380, 1988
• "An Analysis of Consecutively Bounded Depth-First Search with Applications in Automated Deduction," in Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-85), pp.1073-1075, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1985

George Stockman : notes

• A minimax algorithm better than alpha-beta? Artificial Intelligence, 1979

Andreas Stolcke : publications

• An efficient probabilistic context-free parsing algorithm that computes prefix probabilities. 1995

Harold S. Stone

• Efficient search techniques: an empirical study of the n-queens problem. Technical Report RC 12057, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York. 1986

Michael Stonebraker

• The integration of rule systems and database systems. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1992

David G. Stork

• Pattern Classification (2nd ed) by R. O. Duda, P. E. Hart & D. G. Stork (Wiley, 2000).
• Computer Manual in MATLAB to accompany Pattern Classification by D. G. Stork and E. Yom-Tov (Wiley, 2004)
• HAL's Legacy: 2001's computer as dream and reality edited by D. G. Stork (MIT, 1997)
• Speechreading by Humans and Machines: Models, Systems and Applications edited by D. G. Stork & M. E. Hennecke (Springer)
• Seeing the Light: Optics in Nature, Photography, Color, Vision and Holography by D. S. Falk, D. R. Brill & D. G. Stork (Wiley, 1986)

Christopher Strachey

• Logical or non-mathematical programmes. In Proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), pages 46-49, Ontario, Canada. 1952

Thomas M. Strat

• Natural Object Recognition, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992

Devika Subramanian : papers

• Artificial intelligence and conceptual design. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-93), pages 800-809, Chambery, France. Morgan Kaufmann. 1993
• The utility of EBL in recursive domain theories. In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90), volume 2, pages 942-949, Boston, Massachusetts. MIT Press. 1990
• Constraint-based kinematic synthesis. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Qualitative Reasoning. AAAI Press. 1994

Kokichi Sugihara

• A necessary and sufficient condition for a picture to represent a polyhedral scene. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI), 1984

Gerald Jay Sussman  

A Computer Model of Skill Acquisition, Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland, 1975.
From PLANNER to CONNIVER-a genetic approach. In Proceedings of the 1972 AFIPS Joint Computer Conference, pages 1171-1179. 1972
MICRO-PLANNER Reference Manual. AI Memo 203, MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1970

Richard Sutton  

• "Learning to Predict by the Methods of Temporal Differences," Machine Learning, 3:9-44, 1988
• "Integrated Architectures for Learning, Planning, and Reacting Based on Approximating Dynamic Programming," in Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning, pp.216-224, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1990

Doran D. Swade

• Redeeming Charles Babbage's mechanical computer. Scientific American, 1993