Douglas R. Hofstadter
(¹Ì±¹, ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ.ÀÎÁö°úÇÐÀÚ, 1945~ )
Àç±ÍÀÌ·Ð (recursion theory)
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀΰøÁö´É, ÀÎÁö°úÇÐ, ½É¸®Ã¶ÇеîÀ» Àü°øÇϸç 1979 ³â¿¡ Ãâ°£µÈ ±×ÀÇ Àú¼ Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid ·Î ÀÏ¹Ý ³íÇȼǺκÐÀÇ Pulitzer Prize À» ¼ö»óÇß´Ù. ±× Ã¥À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¼ö¸¹Àº ÇлýÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý computing ¿Í ÀΰøÁö´É (Artificial Intelligence) ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó ¼ö»óÀÚ Robert Hofstadter ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̸ç 1975³â ¿À·¹°ï ´ëÇп¡¼ ¹°¸®ÇÐ ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÇöÀç´Â Indiana University ¿¡¼ Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition ¼ÒÀåÀ¸·Î ÀÖ´Ù.
±×ÀÇ °ü½ÉºÐ¾ß´Â ¸¶À½, âÀǼº, ÀǽÄ, ÀÚ±âÂüÁ¶ (self-reference), ¹ø¿ª, ¼öÇÐ °ÔÀÓ µîÀÌ´Ù.
±×´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÇмúÀú³Î¿¡´Â ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Áý´ë¼ºÇÑ »ý°¢µéÀ» Å« Ã¥¿¡ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÄÄÇ»ÅͰúÇп¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ Å« ¿µÇâ·ÂÀº ´Ù¼Ò ÆÄ±«ÀûÀ̸ç Àº¹ÐÇÏ´Ù (subversive and underground) - ±×ÀÇ ÀÛǰµéÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾úÁö¸¸ Ç×»ó °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î ÂüÁ¶µÇÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Scientific American Àú³ÎÀÇ Mathematical Games ¸¦ ¿¬ÀçÇÏ´ø Martin Gardner °¡ ÀºÅðÇÏ°í ±× Ä÷³À» À̾î¹ÞÀº ±×´Â À¯»çÇÑ À̸§ (anagram) ÀÎ Metamagical Themas ¶ó´Â À̸§À» Áö¾ú´Ù.
±×´Â Reviews of This Book °³³äÀ» ¹ß¸íÇߴµ¥, Áï ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸®ºä¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ´Â °Í (cross-referenced reviews of itself) À» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Â Ã¥À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â Metamagical Themas ¿¡¼ ±×°ÍÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù :
±× »ý°¢Àº ³ªÀÇ È¯»óÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ¾î¶² Ã¥ÀÇ Ãâ°£ÈÄ¿¡ ½Å¹®À̳ª ÀâÁö¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ ¸®ºä¸¦ ¸ð¾Æ³õÀº °ÍÀ̿ܿ¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Â Ã¥À» º¸´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ª¼³ÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ ¸¹Àº °èȹ°ú ÀÛ¾÷À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Àú³ÎµéÀÌ ±× Ã¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸®ºä¸¦ ½Æ´Â °ÍÀ» µ¿ÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¶§¿¡ ¸ðµç ¸®ºä¾îµéÀº ¾²±â ½ÃÀÛÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç ¸®ºä¾îµéÀº ¼·Î¿¡°Ô ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÃʾȵéÀ» ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î Àü¼ÛÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ±×°Í¿¡ µû¶ó ±× ¸®ºä´Â ÇÔ²² ÁøÈÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¸¶Ä§³»´Â ¹°¸®Çп¡¼ ¸»ÇÏ´Â "Hartree-Fock self-consistent solution" °°ÀÌ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ »óÅ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ±× ¸®ºäµéÀÌ Àú³Î¿¡¼ ³ª¿Í¼ ºñ·Î¼Ò ÃâÆÇµÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ...... Àç±ÍÀÌ·Ð (recursion theory)?
Hofstadter's Law : "´ç½ÅÀÌ Hofstadter's Law À» ¼³¸íÇÒ¶§ Á¶Â÷µµ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¿¹»óº¸´Ù Ç×»ó ½Ã°£ÀÌ ´õ °É¸°´Ù."........Àç±ÍÀÌ·Ð (recursion theory) ..........
David Chalmers ¿Í Melanie Mitchell µîÀÌ ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ........................ (Wikipedia : Douglas Richard Hofstadter)
site :
Douglas Hofstadter's home page
Indiana University's Douglas Hofstadter webpage
Online implementation of his Reviews of this Book idea
Douglas Hofstadter Kurt Gödel M.C. Escher Daniel Dennett ºÒ¿ÏÀü¼º Á¤¸® (Incompleteness Theorem) Àç±Í (Recursion) Àç±ÍÇÔ¼ö (Recursive Function) ÀΰøÁö´É (Artificial Intelligence)
paper :
±«µ¨, ¿¡¼Å, ¹ÙÈå : ¹ÎÂùÈ« °úÇлç»ó : ÀÌÃ¥ÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ÁٰŸ®´Â ¿ª½Ã ¼ö¸®³í¸®ÇÐÀÇ Àç±ÍÀÌ·Ð (recursion theory) ¶Ç´Â ȸ±ÍÇÔ¼ö·Ð (recursive function theory) ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â 'Çü½Äü°è (formal system)' ÀÇ ±âº»°³³äµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇØ¼ 20 ¼¼±â ¼ö¸®³í¸®ÇÐÀÇ ²ÉÀ̶ó ÇÒ '±«µ¨ Á¤¸® (Gödel Theorem)' ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ȸ±ÍÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ÁٰŸ®¿¡ ´ëÇá¿© Á¤È®ÇÏ°íµµ Ä£ÀýÇÑ, °Ô´Ù°¡ Èï¹Ì¸¸Á¡ÀÇ ¾È³»ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ÀÌ°Ô ¹Ù·Î ³ª¾ß 1 : Douglas Hofstadter, Daniel Dennett Àú, ±èµ¿±¤ ¿ª, »çÀ̾𽺠ºÏ½º, 2001 (¿ø¼ : THE MIND'S I : Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul , Basics Books, 1981)
±«µ¨, ¿¡¼Å, ¹ÙÈå : Douglas Hofstadter Àú¼, ¹Ú¿©¼º ¿Å±è, ±îÄ¡, 1999 (¿ø¼ : Godel, Escher, Bach : an Ethernal Golden Braid, Harper-Collins Pub, 1979)
Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges. (Preface)
Gödel's Proof (2002 revised edition) by Ernest Nagel and James R. Newman, edited by Hofstadter (ISBN 0814758169). Hofstadter claimed the book was highly influential to his thinking during his early years.
Who invented the computer? The legal battle that changed computing history. (2003) by Alice Rowe Burks.
Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker by Christof Teuscher (Editor)
Metamagical Themas (collection of Scientific American columns)
Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies
Rhapsody on a Theme by Clement Marot. The Grace A. Tanner Lecture in Human Values, 1995. (Published 1996)
Le Ton beau de Marot: In Praise of the Music of Language
A verse translation of Eugene Onegin by Aleksandr Pushkin