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Àü¹®°¡½Ã½ºÅÛ (Expert System)¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º (Uncertainty) ÇÏ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Ãß·Ð (Reasoning) Àº ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀÇ Ç¥Çö, °áÇÕ ¹× ÀüÆĹæ¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó Å©°Ô Á¤¼ºÀû (qualitative, non-numeric) ¹æ¹ý°ú Á¤·®Àû (quantitative, numerical) ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù. Á¤¼ºÀû ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼­´Â ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀ» ¾ð¾îÀû ¿ë¾î (linguistic term)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Ç¥ÇöÇϴµ¥ McDermott & Dole ÀÇ "±âº»°ª Ãß·Ð (Default Reasoning)", Kleer ÀÇ "°¡Á¤¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ Áø¸®À¯Áö¹æ¹ý (ATMS)", Cohen ÀÇ "Endorsement" ¹æ¹ý µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýµé¿¡¼­´Â ¾ð¾îÀû ¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¾î¶² »ç°Ç, ±ÔÄ¢, °¡¼³ µî¿¡ ´ëÇØ Æ¯Á¤ Àü¹®°¡ÀÇ ÁÖ°üÀûÀÎ ºÒÈ®½Ç Á¤µµ°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô °´°üÀûÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ð¾î ÀÚüÀÇ ¸ðÈ£¼º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÒÈ®½Ç Áõ°Å¸¦ °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ±ÔÄ¢À» Á¤ÀÇÇϱⰡ ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Æ°í ¼öÇÐÀû ±â¹ÝÀÌ ¾àÇÏ¿© ½ÇÁ¦ ¹®Á¦ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ´ëºÎºÐ ¿¬±¸»óÅ¿¡ ¸Ó¹°°í ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤·®Àû ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼­´Â ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀ» ´ÜÀÏ°ª, ¶Ç´Â [ÇÏÇÑ, »óÇÑ] ÀÇ ¹üÀ§ °ªÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¿© Ã߷аúÁ¤À» °ÅÄ¡¸é¼­ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ °ªÀÎ ºÒÈ®½Çµµ¸¦ ÀüÆÄÇÏ°í °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡´Â Bayesian ¹æ¹ý, È®½Åµµ (Certainty Factor) ¹æ¹ý, Dempster-Shafer Áõ°ÅÀÌ·Ð (Theory of Evidence) ¹æ¹ý, ÆÛÁö (Fuzzy) Ã߷йæ¹ý µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù...

AI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Áö½Äº£À̽º´Â Áö½Ä°øÇÐÀÚ (Knowledge Engineer) °¡ Àü¹®°¡¸¦ ÀÎÅͺäÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤À» ÅëÇؼ­ ±¸ÃàµÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤ÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀº ±â°èÇнÀ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÇØ°áµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±â°èÇнÀ (Machine Learning) ¿¡´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø ¿¹Á¦·ÎºÎÅÍ À̵éÀÌ ¾Ï½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °³³äÀ» ÃßÃâÇس»´Â ±Í³³Àû ¹æ¹ý (inductive method, similarity-based learning), domain À̷п¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© ÇϳªÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÁø ¿¹Á¦¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϸ鼭 °³³äÀûÀÎ domain Áö½ÄÀ» º¸´Ù ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÌ°í È°¿ë¼º ÀÖ´Â Áö½ÄÀ¸·Î º¯È­½ÃÅ°´Â ¿¬¿ªÀû ¹æ¹ý (deductive method, explanation-based learning), ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ »ç·ÊµéÀ» ±â¾ïÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°¡ »õ·Î¿î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ À¯»çÇÑ »ç·Ê¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â »ç·Ê±â¹Ý ÇнÀ (case-based learning) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±Í³³Àû ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼­ È®·üÀÌ·ÐÀº µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ÏÀ½ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© (belief network)¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â Bayesian ÇнÀ¹æ¹ý¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

ÆÐÅÏÀÎ½Ä (Pattern Recognition) ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ´Ü°èÀÎ ÆÐÅϺзù (pattern classification) ´Â ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ÆÐÅÏÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁ³À» ¶§ ±× ÆÐÅÏÀÌ ¾î´À ¹üÁÖ¿¡ ¼ÓÇϴ°¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÆÐÅϺзù ¹æ¹ýÀº Å©°Ô Åë°èÀû Á¢±Ù¹æ¹ý, ±¸¹®·ÐÀû Á¢±Ù¹æ¹ý, ½Å°æ¸ÁÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Åë°èÀû Á¢±Ù ¹æ¹ýÀº Åë°èÀûÀÎ °¡Á¤¿¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÎ°í, Ư¡ º¤Å͸¦ À¯ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ºÎ·ùµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª·Î ¹èÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. °áÁ¤ÇÔ¼ö »ç¿ë¹æ¹ý, °Å¸®ÇÔ¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹æ¹ý, º£ÀÌÁî Á¤¸® (Bayes' Theorem) À̷п¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹æ¹ý, Àº´Ð ¸¶¸£ÄÚÇÁ ¸ðµ¨ (Hidden Markov Model) ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

¿¬°áÁÖÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â º¼Â길 ¸Ó½Å (Boltzmann Machine) ÀÌ »óÈ£°áÇÕÇü È©ÇÊµå ³×Æ®¿öÅ© (Hopfield Network) ½Å°æ¸Á ¸ðµ¨°ú °°Àº ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö¸é¼­ È®·üÀû »óÅÂÀÌÀüÀ» ÇÏ´Â ½Å°æ¸Á ¸ðµ¨ÀÌ´Ù.

Åë°èÇÐÀÇ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀ» ´Ù·ç´Â ºÐ¾ß, ÆÐÅÏÀÎ½Ä ºÐ¾ß¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ AI ºÐ¾ß, ¿¹¸¦µé¾î ¿äÁîÀ½ ¸¹Àº °ü½ÉÀ» ²ø°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÀ¿ëºÐ¾ßÀÎ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º·ÎºÎÅÍ Áö½ÄÀ» ÃßÃâÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦ (Knowledge Discovery in Database ¶Ç´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ ¸¶ÀÌ´× (Data Mining) µî¿¡ Àû¿ë½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó »ý°¢µÈ´Ù ................ (ÀΰøÁö´É ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ÀÇ Åë°èÀû ¹æ¹ý (Statistical Methods in Artificial Intelligence Research) : Â÷¿î¿Á, Çѱ¹Åë°èÇÐȸ, 1996)

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